J Syst Evol ›› 2013, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 280-286.DOI: 10.1111/j.1759-6831.2012.00244.x

• Research Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Late Neolithic expansion of ancient Chinese revealed by Y chromosome haplogroup O3a1c-002611

1Chuan-Chao WANG 2Shi YAN 1Zhen-Dong QIN 1Yan LU 1Qi-Liang DING 1Lan-Hai WEI 1Shi-Lin LI 1Ya-Jun YANG 1,2Li JIN 1Hui LI* the Genographic Consortium**   

  1. 1(State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)
    2(Group of Computational Genetics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China)
  • Received:2012-10-12 Published:2013-05-21

Abstract: Y chromosome haplogroup O3-M122 is the most prevalent haplogroup in East Asia, and provides an ideal tool for dissecting primary dispersals of the East Asians. Most of the sub-haplogroups of O3-M122 have been sufficiently investigated except for O3a1c-002611, despite its great prevalence and huge population, especially in Han Chinese. In this study, we identified 508 individuals with haplogroup O3a1c-002611 out of 7801 males from 117 East and Southeast Asian populations, typed at two newly discovered downstream Y-SNP markers and ten commonly used Y-STRs. Defined by SNPs IMS-JST002611 (in short, 002611), F11, and F238, three lineages internal to haplogroup O3a1c-002611 have distinct geographical distributions. Furthermore, Y-STR diversity shows a general south-to-north decline, which is consistent with the prehistorically northward migration of the other O3-M122 lineages. The northward migration of haplogroup O3a1c-002611 started about 13 thousand years ago (KYA). The expansions of subclades F11 and F238 in ancient Han Chinese began about 5 and 7 KYA immediately after the separation between the ancestors of the Han Chinese and Tibeto-Burman.

Key words: Han Chinese, Neolithic Age, population expansion, Y chromosome.