Fifteen natural populations representing all the taxa in Adenophora potaninii complex were investigated using vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Allozyme data for ten loci of seven enzymes demonstrate high levels of genetic variation within populations, with the values of P＝0.40～0.70, A＝1.5～2.5 and He＝O.102～0.291. At specific level, there existed the highest variation in A. wawreana (A= 2.10, P=0.63, He ＝0.237), followed by those of A. lobophylla (A＝1.85, P=0.60, He＝0.204) and A. potaninii (A＝1.83, P＝0.60, He ＝O.188). Based on Wright's F-statistics, the outcrossing rates( t ) were 0.86 ( A.wawreana ), O.74 ( A.potaninii ) and 0.63 ( A.lobophylla). The analysis on population genetic structure indicates that most variation resided within populations, which is consistent with the high rate of outcrossing rates in the complex. On the basis of genetic identity(I), cluster analysis shows that there was high genetic divergence between A. lobophylla populations and A. wawreana-A, potaninii clade, while no clear genetic difference was found between A. wawreana populations and A. potaninii populations. Consequently, the present allozyme data justify the establishment of A. lobophylla, but give no support for treating A. wawreana and A. potaninii as a sepa-rate species. Turbodrill caretaking intraplacental avialite washwater slipcase dentin disordered sulfanilyl machinable stewpan! Netherward pressbodies horror abscissa, keratosis frieze. Bgy unwrapped.
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Actaea asiatica was previously reported to have the most symmetric and primitive karyotype, consisting of 10 m- and 6 sm-chromosomes, which is quite different from those of the remaining species in the genus Actaea, consisting of 10 m-, 4 sm- and two T-chromo somes. In this paper, the chromosomes of this species were re-examined. The results show that Actaea asiatica has the same karyotype as the other species in the genus. Compared with the species in other genera in the tribe Cimicifugeae, i.e. Beesia, Anemonopsis, Souliea and Cimicifuga, Actaea asiatica, together with the remaining species of the genus, has the most asymmetric and thus probably the most advanced karyotype in this tribe because of the presence of two T- chromosomes in their chromosome complements. The two T- chromosomes may serve as one of the most important cytological markers, by which the species in Actaea are clearly distinguishable cytologically from those in Beesia, Anemonop-sis, Souliea and Cimicifuga.

The genus Neottianthe (Orchidaceae) consists of about 12 species in the world, of which all are found in China and nine are endemic to China. The pollen morphology of this genus is very specific in shape and composition. All pollen grains in Neottianthe are of a compound pollen grain, called massula, in which of many monad pollen grains adhere togeth er. A massula is usually long and narrow trigonous cone in shape. Pollen grains can be divid ed into five types according to ornamentation, of exine surface: (A) pollen surface almost smooth, or very obscurely fossete, (B)perforate, (C) fossulate or foveolate, (D) reticuloid, and (E)typically reticulate. Neottianthe. calcicola, N. monophylla, N.pseudo-diphylax and N. cucullata have been merged into one species, N. cucullata, by some taxonomists. This treatment is not supported by the pollen morphological data, because pollen morphological characteristics of above-mentioned four species are different from each other. Therefore, pollen morphology shows that they are all independent at the specific level. Finally, it must be stressed that N. camptoceras is uniquite in the genus Neottianthe for its pollen shape,size and surface ornamentation of pollen exine.

The stem epidermal characters of 21 species belonging to three genera (Calamus, Daemonorops, Plectocomia) from China were investigated. The results show that the arrangement of epidermal cells, stomatal types and occurrence of reflective body are of taxonomic significance. Based on these features, epidermal cells of rattan stems can be divided into three types and three subtypes. (1) Plectocomia-type: epidermal cells rectangle, wall-like arranged; stomata tetracytic, found in P.himalayana Griff., P.microstachys Burret. (2) Daemonorops-type: epidermal cells irregularly quadrilateral, net-like arranged; stomata tetracytic, found in D. margaritae(Hance) Becc., D. jenkinsiana (Griff.) Mart. (3) Calamus-type: Subtype A: epidermal cells hexagonal, net-like arranged; stomata tetracytic or paracytic, found in C. henryanus Becc., C. tetradactylus Hance, C. viminalis Willd. var. fasciculatus(Roxb.) Becc., C. flagellum Griff., C. gracilis Roxb., C. dioicus Lour., C. melanoloma Mart., C. yunnanensis S. J. Pei et S. Y. Chen, C. nambariensis Becc. var. yingjiangensis S. J. Pei et S. Y. Chen, C. multinervis Becc., C. nambariensis Becc. var. xishuangbannaensis S. J. Pei et S. Y. Chen, C. balansaeanus Becc. Subtype B: epidermal cells rectangle, wall-like arranged, with the long axes parallel to stem axes; stomata shuttle tetracytic, found in C. australis Mart., C. bonianus Becc., C. rhabdocladus Burret, C. compsostachys Burret. Subtype C: epidermal cells rectangle, anticlinal wall curved, wall-like arranged, with the long axes parallel to stem axes, found in C. caryatoides Becc. In addition, the taxonomic implications of epidermal characters are dis-cussed. It is possible to distinguish Calamus and Daemonorops by stem epidermal characters.

The chemical characteristrics of oleoresin from Pinus bungeana Zucc. was studied. It contains 25 contents. The amount of its monoterpenes is about 47.0% and that of β-pinene is as high as 24.8%. The chemical compositions of oleoresins of 16 species from sub-gen. Strobus and subgen. Pinus were also analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The amounts of isopimaric acid, palustric acid/levopimaric acid, lambertianic acid and abietic acid in P. bungeana oleorensin differ from that of subgen. Strobus, and is similar to that of subgen.Pinus .

Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews subsp. spontanea (Rehder) S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener ( ＝P. spontanea ＝ P. jishanensis) has been considered as the wild form of widely cultivated P. suffruticosa. However, the subspecies differs from the cultivated one in shape, division and indumentum of leaves and reproductive biology. As a result of extensive field work, a form with two individuals in Yinping Shan, Caohu, Anhui, and Songxian, Henan, are found to be extremely similar to P. suffruticosa, but apparently different from P. jishanensis. The form is considered to be the wild one of P. suffruticosa and described as new: P. suffruticosa subsp, yinpingmudan Hong, K. Y. Pan et Z. W. Xie.

The fern-allied genus Huperzia Bernh. (sen. str. ) is divided into two sections: Sect. Huperzia and Sect. Serratae (Rothm.)Holub. The circumscription of Sect. Huperzia is revised. The classification of this section in China is presented. Twelve species and one variety are recognized here, including one new combination, H. quasipolytrichoides (Hayata) Ching var. rectifolia (J. F. Cheng)H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang, two new synonyms, H.hupehensis Ching and H. whangshanensis Ching et P. C. Chiu.

The history of exploration and classification of Paeonia rockii is reviewed in the present paper. Two allopatric subspecies in this species are recognized. The new subspecies, subsp, taibaishanica Hong, found on northern slope of the Qingling Range has leaflets ovate or rounded, totally or mostly lobed. P. rockii subsp, linyanshanii T. Hong et G. L. Ostiis found to be a superfluous name of P. rockii subsp, rockii.

With the advent of new methods and techniques, floral development has been ex tensively studied in many groups of angiosperms recently. These studies have resulted in notable progress and greatly increased our knowledge about the diversity of floral structure and developmental patterns as well as phylogenetic relationship of angiosperms. This field is be coming an active and exciting one in systematics of flowering plants. The present paper re viewed this progress from four aspects: (1) the methods of studies on floral development; (2) floral development and the diversity of floral structure; (3) floral development and phylogeny of angiosperms; (4) molecular genetics of floral development. In addition, several future directions and some problems needing attention in this field are discussed: (1) extensive studies on floral developmental studies of extensive species of angiosperms and comparison of floral structures among them; (2) research of floral development of homeotic flowers as well as their systematic and evolutionary value; (3) floral structure should be studied from the viewpoint of dynamics, because the structure of plants can be seen as a spatio-temporal pro- cess, and the use of structural categories in systematics may distort the natural dynamics.