Abstract: A new species, Sinocurvicubitus haotianus Xu, Shih, Ren et Wang, sp. nov. (Curvicubitidae), is described from the Upper Permian Leping Formation in Jiangxi Province, South China. This constitutes the second definitive occurrence of Curvicubitidae in the Late Permian. Through comparative wing morphology and cladistic analyses, we resolve phylogenetic relationships within the superfamily as ((Ignotalidae + Pereboriidae^*) + Curvicubitidae) and validate the exclusion of Scytophara extensa from Pereboriidae. Additionally, we estimate divergence times across Pereborioidea lineages, reconstruct ancestral distribution ranges, and elucidate the origin centers and dispersal routes for Curvicubitidae. Wing eyespots and bands suggest predator mimicry, a novel defense strategy in Permian insects.

Key words: ancestral distribution range, Curvicubitidae, eyespots, new species, phylogenetic relationships, the Upper Permian