Abstract: The present paper describes the karyotype of two populations of Paeonia obovata Maxim. from Mt. Huangshan and Mt. Jiuhuashan. The somatic chromosomes of both groups are the same: K(2n)=2x=10=6m+2sm+2st, without sat-chromosomes. The ratio of the largest to the smallest chromosomes is 1.47. The proportion of the chromosomes with the arm ratios more than 2 is 0.2. Therefore, the karyotypes of both populations belong to 2A type of Stebbins. These descriptions prove that chromosome number and karyotype of different populations of Paeonia obovata Maxim. are stable. The chromosome number is identical with that reported on the species.

Key words: Paeonia obovata, Karyotype, Huangsham, Jiuhuashan.