Abstract: In this paper we argue for the specific status of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, for the rationality of P. suffruticosa ssp. yinpingmudan D. Y. Hong, K. Y. Pan & Z. W. Xie and its wildness, and for the treatment of P. suffruticosa ssp. atava (Brühl) S. G. Haw & Lauener as a subspecies of P. rockii, P. rockii ssp. atava (Brühl) D. Y. Hong & K. Y. Pan. P. jishanensis T. Hong & W. Z. Zhao is justified as a legitimate name, while P. spontanea (Rehder) T. Hong & W. Z. Zhao is recognized as a superfluous name. Halda’s four combinations and two new hybrid names in sect. Moutan DC. were treated as synonymy. As a result, one new combination is made and five new synonyms are proposed here in this pap

Key words: Paeonia, Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonia suffruticosa ssp. yinpingmudan