Leaf morphology in four species of Desmos and three species of Dasymaschalon was comparatively studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with epidermal maceration and paraffin methods. The results showed that there were some remarkable foliar anatomical differences between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. In leaves of Desmos, some of the adaxial epidermal cells were enlarged into globose cells each containing one large cluster crystal, while other epidermal cells were normal without any crystal, and in abaxial epidermis each cell contained one smaller cluster crystal. The leaf structure was typically bifacial, and the mesophyll cells were differentiated into palisade tissue and spongy tissue. Oil cells were distributed in the second layer of palisade and the whole spongy tissue, and the number of oil cells per mm leaf width ranged from 4 to 6. The vascular tissue in the midrib was separated into bundles by parenchyma cells. In leaves of Dasymaschalon, all the adaxial epidermal cells contained one cluster crystal, and the crystal size was similar to that of thecrystals in abaxial epidermal cells. The leaf structure was more or less isobilateral. Oil cells were distributed only in the spongy tissue between the two layers of the palisade, and the number of oil cells per mm leaf width ranged from 2 to 3. The vascular tissue in the midrib formed a continuous circle. It is clear that the anatomical differences between Desmos and Dasymaschalon are remarkable, supporting the treatment of Desmos and Dasymaschalon as two independent genera.

The somatic chromosome number and detailed chromosome morphology have been studied in ten species of Anemone, one species of Anemoclema, and six species of Clematis, all from China, namely Anemone davidii Franch. (2n=4x= 32), A. stolonifera Maxim. (2n=2x=16), A. flaccida Fr. Schmidt (2n=2x= 14), A. rivularis Buch.-Ham. (2n=2x= 16), A. begoniifiolia lévl. et Vant. (2n=2x= 16), A. hupehensis Lem. f. alba W. T. Wang (2n =2x = 16), A. tomentosa (Maxim.) Péi (2n=2x= 16), A. rupestris Hook. f. et Thoms. (2n=2x= 14), A. trullifolia var. colestina (Franch.) Finet et Gagnep. (2n = 2x = 14), A. trullifolia var. holophylla Diels (2n=2x= 14), A. demissa Hook. f. et Thoms. (2n=2x= 14), Anemoclema glaucifolium (Franch.) W. T. Wang (2n= 2x= 16), Clematis kockiana Schneid. (2n= 2x=16), C. rehderiana Craib. (2n = 2x = 16), C. ranunculoides Franch. (2n = 2x = 16), C. puberula var. ganpiniana(Lévl. et Vant. ) W. T. Wang (2n = 2x = 16), C. brevicaudata DC. (2n= 2x= 16), C. chrysocoma Franch. (2n = 2x = 16). The species of x = 8 in Anemone, and those in Anemoclema and Clematis have very similar karyotypes which consist of five pairs of large median-centromeric (rarely one pair of which are submedian-centromeric) and three pairs of subterminalor terminal-centromeric chromosomes.

Seven species and one variety of Cymbidium are karyologically analyzed: C. qiubeiense K. M. Feng et H. Li (2n = 40 = 24m + 12sm + 4st), C. faberi Rolfe (2n = 40 = 30m + 8sm + 2st), C. faberi var. szechuanicum (Y. S. Wu et S. C. Chen) Y. S. Wu et S. C. Chen (2n = 40=26m+ 10sm + 4st), C. kanran Makino (2n = 40 = 26m + 12sm + 2st), C. cyperifoliumWall. ex Lindl. (2n = 40 = 24m + 12sm + 4st), C. goeringii ( Rchb. f. ) Rchb. f (2n = 40 =24m+ 10sm+4st+2t), C. longibracteatum (Y. S. Wu et S. C. Chen)Y. S. Wu et S. C.Chen (2n = 40 = 24m + 10sm + 6st) and C. serratum (Schltr) (2n = 40 = 28m + 10sm + 2st). In C. serratum, however, counts of 2n = 41, 43, 60, 80 are of occasional occurrence.

Spore morphology of 14 species in the genus Dryoathyrium and one in the genus Lunathyrium from China was investigated under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The spores are monolete, bilaterally symmetric, elliptic in polar view, and semiorbicular or reniform in equatorial view. According to the surface ornamentation of the perine, the spores in Dryoathyrium can be divided into three types. Type I is characterized by having lophate processes on the perine which are connected and reticulate or ornate. Three species, D. chinese, D. coreanum and D. pterorachis, have this type of spores. Type Ⅱ is characterized by having curved-lobate, lobate or tuberculate processes on the pefine. Eight species, D. boryanum, D. confusum, D. edentulum, D. henryi, D. okuboanum, D. stenopteron, D. setigerum and D. viridifrons, have this type of spores. Type Ⅲ is characterized by having spine-like, irregularly baculate or papilla-like processes on the perine. Three species, D. erectum, D. falcatipinnulum and D. unifurcatum, have this type of spores. The spore morphology of Lunathyrium ningshenense is very similar to that of D. coreanum, supporting the treatment of reducing the former to the synonymy of the latter.

In order to determine its genomic constitution, Hystrix duthiei ssp. longearistata was crossed with Psathyrostachys huashanica. Hybrids were obtained successfully from this combination. Morphology, fertility and chromosome pairing behavior in meiosis of the parents and their hybrids F₁ were investigated. The results showed obvious morphological differences between H. duthiei ssp. longearistata and P. huashanica, and intermediate spikes of the F₁ plants between the two parental species. The hybrids were completely sterile. Chromosome pairing at MI of PMCs in F₁ hybrids was relatively high and 55.12% of PMCs showed 5 or 6 bivalents per cell. Meiotic configurations were 9.83 Ⅰ + 5.46 Ⅱ+ 0.07 Ⅲ, with C-value of 0. 57, which indicated that H. duthiei ssp. longearistata and P. huashanica should share one Ns genome. The relationship between Hystrixand Leymus was also discussed.

In this paper, chromosome numbers of 14 species of the genus Amaranthus from China are reported: A. retroflexus 2n=34, A. caudatus 2n=32, A. hybridus 2n=32, A. spinosus 2n =34, A. cruentus 2n=34, A. hypochendriacus 2n=32, A. paniculdatus 2n=32, A. roxburghianus 2n=34, A. blitoides 2n=32, A. polygonoides 2n=34, A. albus 2n=32, A. viridis 2n = 34, A. lividus 2n = 34, A. tricolor 2n = 34. The number in A. roxburghianus is reported here for the first time. The basic chromosome numbers in this genus are x = 16 and x = 17 and both numbers are found in sect. Amaranthus and sect. Blitopsis. The chromosomes in this genus are very small in size, hampering a detailed karyotype analysis.

The classification of Kobresia fragilis C. B. Clarke and related taxa were studied based on gross morphology and nutlet epidermal micromorphology. About 13 names have been involved in the species group. They could not be clearly defined using the morphological characters employed by previous authors. Thus, more than 200 sheets of 89 specimens of related taxa were studied thoroughly, and the taxonomic significance of morpbological characters was re-evaluated. In order to further understand the classification of K. fragilis and its allies, micromorphology of nutlet epidermis of these taxa was observed under scanning electron microscope. Based on the results, K. curvata C. B. Clarke and K. fragilis were recognized. Other names were treated as synonymies of K. fragilis. K. clarkeana (Kükenthal) Kükenthal, K. clarkeana var. megalantha Kükenthal and K. curticeps (C. B. Clarke) Kükenthal var. gyirongensis Y. C. Yang were reduced to new synonymies of K. fragilis. K. curvata was distinct from K. fragilis on both morphological and micromorphological basis. One specimen of K. fragilis collected from Luqu, Gansu, China, represents anew distribution record of this species in Gansu.

Elatostema bijiangense W. T. Wang, E. medogense W. T. Wang var. oblongum W. T. Wang, E. shuzhii W. T. Wang, E. obtusum Wedd. var. glabrescens W. T. Wang, E. sinense H. Schorter var. trilobatum W. T. Wang and E. strigulosum W. T. Wang var. semitripi-linerve W. T. Wang are reduced to synonymies.

The differences between Epipogium japonicum Makino and E. roseum (D. Don) Lindl. are discussed based on a specimen recently collected from western Sichuan. The plants from western Sichuan formerly identified as E. roseum are truly E. japonicum. This species is disjunctively distributed in Japan, alpine region of western Sichuan and Taiwan of China.

The genus Subularia L. (Cruciferae) and the species S. aquatica L. are reported as new records in China.

Corrigiola L. is reported as a newly recorded genus in China. C. littoralis L. has become naturalized in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province, China.

Echinocystis Torr. et Gray of the Cucurbitaceae is reported as a naturalized genus in China.

A morphological comparison is made between Epipactis consimilis D. Don, E. helleborine (L.) Crantz and E. veratrifolia Boiss. et Hohen. The true identity of Epipactis consimilis D. Don is discussed. As a result, Epipactis veratrifolia Boiss et Hohen., is recognized as a valid name to replace E. consimilis D. Don, a name formerly accepted by Rolfe and recently used in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae vol. 17.

Plantago ovata Forsk. is reported as a naturalized species and a new record to China. It is described in detail.

Aconitum wolongense W. T. Wang, described from a mixed sheet, is lectotypfied.

The monotypic genus Pleiosorbus is reduced to the synonymy of Sorbus. The new name Sorbus medogensis is proposed.

Based on the study of specimens from Hunan, and field observations in Hengshan (holotype locality of Pellionia cephaloidea W. T. Wang), Nanyue, Hunan, China, Pellionia cephaloidea W. T. Wang is regarded as a new synonym of Pellionia scabra Benth., and Pellionia Gaudich. sect. Elatostematopsis W. T. Wang as a new synonym of Pellionia Gaudich. sect. Pellionia.