1 College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu, Zhangye, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; 3 State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, State Key Laboratory of Wetland Conservation and Restoration, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Sciences and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China; 4 Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China †These authors contributed equally to this article. *Authors for correspondence. Chien-Hsun Huang. E-mail:chhuang1981@139.com;Jinglong Li. E-mail:ljl6528@163.com;Jingting Shen. E-mail:jingtingshen@sjtu.edu.cn
This work was supported by the President’s Research Foundation of Hexi University (Grant No.CXTD2025009), the Doctoral Start-up Research Fund of Hexi University (Grant No.KYQD2022013), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Regional Program, Grant No. 32460082), entitled Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide Regulating Lateral Root Development of Arabidopsis.