The name Hydrocotyle was first proposed by Tournefort (1700) on the basis of the european species H. vulgaris and the genus was later accepted by Linnaeus (1753). The hitherto known classical work of the genus was a monograph by A. Richards (1820). Since the time of Bentham (1861), Maximowicz (1886), Forbes and Hemsley (1887), Diels (1900), Boissieu (1906), Hayata (1908, 1912), Dunn and Tutcher (1912), Wolff (1929), Masamune (1932) and Handel-Mazzetti (1933) etc., a dozen of chinese species has been described from various collections from China. Nevertheless, it is not surprising to note that the chinese species of the genus are incessantly increasing, and thus a systematic treatment is in need. The genus has about 75 species chiefly of tropical and subtropical regions; more than forty species are found in South America, the rest of the species occurs in North America, Africa and southeastern Asia. In various parts of Asia, four are being reported from Japan, three from Indonesia and Burma, two from Viet-Nam and Malaya, seven from India, but only one species occurs in Korea, Philippines, Bhutan, Sikkim and Nepal. Sixteen species are found in the warm part of China extending from Lat. 20°-34°N. and Long. 98°--123°E., i.e. east from Kiangsu and southwestward to Szechuan and Yunnan with their center in the southwestern provinces. Among them H. nepalensis Hook. and H. sibthorpioides Lam. are two widely distributed members ranging over 11 provinces east from Chekiang, Anhwei and westward to Szechuan and Yunnan; H. wilfordi recorded from 7 provinces including the eastern coastal and the southwestern provinces. H. pseudo-conferta Masam. is recorded from Chekiang, Taiwan and probably Yunnan; H. javanica var. chinensis Dunn from Hunan, Szechuan and Yunnan, H. wilsonii from Hupeh and Szechuan, and H. ramiflora from Chekiang and Taiwan. The indian species H. hookeri and the newly described species H. salwinica are known in Yunnan. Ecologically, they are plants of warm, moist or wet sites, such as under the shade of forest, along the streams, river banks and water ditches. The present paper accounts for 13 species and 1 variety with their diagnostic characters and geographical distributions noted. H. salwinica from Salwin valley of Yunnan, collected by prof. T. T. Yu, has been described as a new entity, and the binominals of H. wilsonii Diels and H. javanica var. chinensis Dunn, which appear only in names on herbarium specimens, are validated with latin descriptions. Analytical key for the listed species is provided. In addition to the above mentioned species, H.forrestii Wolff from Yunnan, H. formosana Hayata and H. setulosa Hayata from Taiwan are also listed here, although no specimens have been represented in our collection. The original diag-noses of the corresponding species are thus included for further elucidation.

Parmelia is a genus of economical importance. According what was recorded, Meyen & Flotow were the first foreigners to study Chinese lichens in 1843. Up to the present time 74 species, 24 varieties and 11 forms have been described from China. The majority of specimens reported in this paper were collected by many Chinese botanists and collectors from 21 provinces from 1928--1962, while a few of them were collected by Licent from 1916 to 1917 and by Poliansky in 1957. The system of classification adopted here is that held by A. Zahlbruckner in 1926. But in section Hypotrachyna, the two subsections-Myelochroa and Myeloleuca proposed by Asahina are adopted and Parmelia xanthocarpa which has not been properly placed before, is here referred to the subsection Myelochroa. In the subgenus Hypogymnia the writer discovers that the length of spores of two species are longer than 10μ, especially Parmelia macrospora reaches 17.5μ long. So far as the writer knows, the upper limitation of the spore length recognized by many lichenologists has been 10μ in this subgenus. The spore measurement of this subgenus needs, therefore, to be revised in future. In this paper 78 species, 14 varieties and 6 forms are presented. Among them, 5 species, 5 varieties and 1 forms are considered as new and two new combinations have been made. Out of all these, 31 species, 6 varieties and 2 forms are first recorded from China. All the materials cited are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Instituteof Microbiology, Academia Sinica, Peking.