Abstract: This analysis corroborates and expands our previous results regarding the phylogenetic position of Cheilanthes species from South America. We sequenced three plastid genetic regions, one genic (rbcL) and two genic plus intergenic spacers (trnL + trnL‐F and rps4 + rps4‐trnS) from 25 South American cheilanthoid species. This allowed us to elucidate phylogenetic relationships that have been historically unresolved or were lowly supported. Here, we analyzed 45 Cheilanthes species (23 from South America) and circumscribed Cheilanthes s.s. in a strongly supported clade that contains three subclades: (i) exclusively from South America, (ii) from Australasia + South America, and (iii) from Africa. The position of three South American species, previously referred to the informal “Cheilanthes geraniifolia group”, is confirmed as a highly supported group outside Cheilanthes s.s. and within the Adiantopsis–Doryopteris clade. This group is described here as the new genus Mineirella. The new combinations for the genus and illustrations are included. Additionally, we discuss the morphological innovations that provide evidence to support the different clades.

Key words: Cheilanthes, hemionitids, Mineirella, phylogeny, South America, taxonomy