Abstract: Melocalamus Benth. consists of five species. Through a comprehensive study of history, morphology, and all specimens available, the authors confirm the occurrence in China of M. compactiflorus (Kurz.) Benth. et Hook f., the type of the genus, and two species, M. scandens Hsueh ct Hui, M. fimbriatus Hsueh et Hui, are described as new. A key to speciesis provided.

Key words: Melocalamus Benth., M. compactiflorus (Kurz.) Benth. et Hook f., M. scandens Hsueh et Hui, M. fimbriatus Hsueh et Hui