Abstract: The genus Indosasa McCl. has not been thoroughly studied by botanists both at home and abroad since its establishment by F. A. McClure in 1940. In preparing the manuscript of the Flora of China, the authors have studied this genus rather comprehensively. The present paper deals with the systematic position of the genus Indosasa McC1. The bamboo inflorescences can be divided into two basic types, i.e. iterauctant (indeterminate) and semelauctant (determinate) which both are of great diagnostic importance in bamboo classification. For this reason, we agree with the view of some botanists that the generalized tribe Arundinarieae should be split into two tribes, Arundinarieae and Shibataeeae. The former possess the semelauctant inflorescences, forming panicles or racemes, and the latter the iterauctant ones, forming spikelet tufts. Undoubtedly, the genus Indosasa McC1. should belong to the tribe Shibataeeae systematically, it is closely related to the genus Sinoba mbusa Makino ex Nakai, not to Sasa Makino et Shibata of tribe Arundinarieae. After a careful examination of some type specimens and all phototypes of McClure’s species, we found in some species, the flowering specimens and vegetative specimens of same species were published as different species. For example, he published the type species of the genus (I. crassiflora) based on the flowering specimens, but at the same time he also published another species (Sinobambusa gibbosa=Indosasa gibbosa) with vegetative specimens collected from the same locality by the same collector. In fact, they are the same species. He also made similar mistakes in I. shibataeoides McCl. and I. tinctilimba McCl. Thus we came to the conclusion that the binomials of Sinobambusa gibbosa McCl. and Indosasa tinctilimba McCl. must be combined with I. crassiflora McCl. and I. shibataeoides McCl. respectively. In the present paper, the authors have reported 10 species of Indosasa from China, six of them are being described as new. In addition, a key to species is given. In the key we have used vegetative characteristics that are generally available. But Indosasa hispida McCl. is excluded from the key, since its vegetative characteristics are still unknown. Under each species, distribution and ecological notes, in additionto a brief discussion, are also given.