Table of Contents
  • Volume 17 Issue 2

      
      Research Articles
    • Chen Sing-Chi
      1979, 17 (2): 9–22
      The column is the most characteristic part of an orchid flower. It is considered to be formed by the union of stamens with a central style and stigma. In the Apostasieae, for example, the column is rather primitive in the stamens and style only partially united, whereas in the majority of higher orchids it becomes more advanced through a eomplete union of them into a single organ. Within the family, indeed, the column structure is greatly diversified and of great taxonomic significance. It is interesting to note that a great range of diversity of column structure is bund in Neottia (sensu lato), a small but widespread genus consisting of 14 species, about two thirds of which, however, are of local occurance and seem to be little known to many botanists. In some speeies of this genus we find a very primitive column structure which is quite unique in the family, while in the others it is much more complicated. In all, five types of their column structure can be distinguished as fol- lows: (1) column rather longer; anther erect with a short filament attached to the back of the column near the apex; stigma terminal; neither clinandrium nor rostellure; (f. 2, 4) (2) as the preceding, 'except for the stigma more or less curved foreward and filament longer; (f. 6, 8) (3) column rather longer with a clinandrium at its summit, upon which a sessile and incumbent anther sits; rostellum large, horizontally projecting out over the concave stigma situated in the front of the column; (f. 10, 13, 15, 17) (4) as the preceding, except, for the anther and rostellum almost erect, and the stigma more or less bilabiate; (f. 19,21) (5) column very short; anther and rostellum erect; stigma lamellate, erect; reflexed and almost clasping the rostellum. (f.,2g) In these .five types, with the exception of the first one in which the labellum (the median petal) is very similar to the lateral: petals, they all possess zygomorphic perianth with labellum bilobed or entire which is quite different from the two lateral petals. Here, we see a great change in the column structure from one form with stamen and style not fully united to another form in which they have been well fused. Speaking strictly, these are two sorts of entirely different column structure. The former one, represented by (1) and (2) as stated above, is, in fact, an incomplete or s very primitive column in having a terminal stigma and an erect stamen with its free filament attached to the back of the column; and the absence of clinandrium and rostellum. Furthermore, there exists on the back of the column a thick ridge with its upper end joined to the filament, with which it is of the same texture and appearance. In Neottia pantlingii (=Arohineottia pantlingii) the free filament is even rather longer than the ridge, (f. 6) while in the other three species (f. 2, 4, 8) they are shorter. It is in my opinion the lower part of the filament adnate to the compound style or column. This is another fact of interest perhaps not occuring in any other living orchids. On the other hand, the latter one, represented by (3), (4) and (5), is a more advanced column structure, in which a higher level of specialisation with well-developed clinandrium and rostellum is reached. The stigma becomes shallow depressed on the anterior side of the column, or sometimes in the form of somewhat a bilabiate lip projecting out before or under the long rostellum. This is apparently a complete column both in structure and function quite different from the former and, contrarily, much like that of Listera. Basing upon the facts just mentioned, we may subdivided Neottia (sensu lato) into two distinct genera, with two and three sections respectively. They are as follows: 1. Archineottia S. C. Chen, gen. nov. (1) Sect. Archineottia 1) A. gaudissartii (Hand.-Mzt.) S. C. Chen, comb. nov. (China) 2) A. microglottis (Duthie) S. C. Chen, comb. nov. (India) (2) Sect. Furciila S. C. Chen, sect. nov. 3) A. pantlingii (W. W. Smith) S. C. Chen, comb. nov. (Sikkim) 4) A. smithiana (Schltr.) S. C. Chen, comb. nov. (China) 2. Neottia Guett. (1) Sect. Listeroides S.C. Chen, sect. nov. 1) N. listeroides (L.) Rchb. f. (China, Sikkim, Kashmir) 2) N. camtschatea (L.) Rchb. f, (China, Soviet Union) 3) N. megalochila S. C. Chen, nom. nov. (China) 4) N. inayatii (I)uthie) Schltr. (Pakistan, Kashmir) 5) N. tenii Schltr; (China) (2) Sect. Neottia 6) N. papilligera Schltr. (Chinas: Japan, Korea, Soviet Union, Sikkim) 7) N. nidus-avis (L.) L. C. Rich. (Europe, Iran, Western Siberia) 8) N. brevilabris Tang et Wang: (China) (3) Sect. Hologlossa S. C. Chen, sect. nov. 9) N. acuminata Schltr. (China, Japan, Korea, Soviet Union, Sikkim) Inperfeetly known species: 10) N. ussuriensis (Kom. et Nevski) S6o (Soviet Union) Thus, the subtribe Neottiinae are composed of four genera, namely, Diplandrorchis, Archineottia, Neottia and Listera. The new genus Archineottia, as one of the most primitive genera in the family, is of great interest from a phylogenetic point of view. It shows dose similarity to Diplandrorchis and Neottia in habit, but sharply distinct from them in column structure. These genera, as indicated By some authors, also show affinity in some respects with the subtribe Limodorinae, especially to Tangtsinia and Sinorchis, the other two quite primitive genera in the family. There is, indeed, a great need of further study of these interesting or relic genera and this, I think, would go a long way towards solving the problems concerning the origin ofthe Orchidaceae.
    • Hu Zheng-Hai, Lee Kong-Ming
      1979, 17 (2): 23–29
      In the present paper, as a part of our morphological studies on Kingdonia, the preliminary results of observations on the structure of its rhizome are included. The fundamental pattern of the primary structures of the rhizome of Kingdonia is simillar to that of most perennial herbaceous plants. However, a cylindrical stele formed from the connecting vascular tissues is generally present. In the primary tissue, or even in the secondary vascular tissue, no consipicious vascular ray is observed. Most vessel elements of the rhizome are with scalariform thickening. A single large porferation is usually present on the horizontal plate, while on the oblique plate several small pores are observable, besides a large one. This represents the transformation from multiple porferation to singe porferation of the trachae being indicated in the rhizome of Kingdonia. According to Bailey's veiwpoint,the evolution of the vessel element, is irreversible, so this phenomena occuring in the rhizome of Kingdonia would indicate a primitive character. The gap of the leaf members, including the foliago leaves, scale leaves and cataphylls is unilacunar. Four traces are indicated in the foliage leaves and a double trace apears in both the scale leaves and catophylls. In Ranunculaceae, trilacunar gaps and multilacunar gaps are generally occuring in most plants. According to the viewpoint of previous author and based on the primitive, features of its leaf, flower and vessel' elements, it is probably that the unilacunar gap of Kingdonia is a primitive character as Foster A. S. (1960, 1961) had pointed out. Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug.
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    • Lo Hsien-Shui, Chen Te-Chao
      1979, 17 (2): 30–39
    • Chang Roh-Hwei, Lu An-Ming
      1979, 17 (2): 40–44
    • Lee Shu-Kang, Wei Fa-Nan, Wei Yue-Tsung, Li Hsi-Wen
      1979, 17 (2): 45–74
    • Mo Sin-Li, Huang Se-Zei
      1979, 17 (2): 88–92
    • Chen Pan-Chieh, Wu Pan-Cheng
      1979, 17 (2): 93–95
    • Zhao Ji-Ding, Xu Lian-Wang, Sun Zeng-Mei
      1979, 17 (2): 96–100
    • Qiu Shu-Hua, Zeng Yi-Quan, Pan Kai-Yu, Tang Yen-Chen, Xu Jie-Mei
      1979, 17 (2): 101–103
    • Li Pei-Chun, Ni Chi-Cheng
      1979, 17 (2): 104–112
Editors-in-Chief
Song Ge
Jun Wen
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JCR 2022 IF ranking: 60/238 (Plant Sciences, top 25%, Q2 quartile)
Journal Abbreviation: J Syst Evol
ISSN: 1674-4918 (Print)
1759-6831 (Online)
CN: 11-5779/Q
Frequency: Bi-monthly

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