Abstract: The orchids represent one of the largest families of flowering plants in the world, Their flower structure is evolutionarily highly specialized and systematically, they are the most advanced groups in plant kingdom of the world. The babitat of orchids is more special than other families in flowering plants. Their distribution has higher regularity and possesses important significance for studying floristic character and region alization. The present paper proposes a concrete boundary between the Sino-Himalayan Subregion and the Sino-Japanese Subregion in Sichuan Province, based on the distribution patterns of some orchid genera typical of the two subregions. I. Risleya, Diplomeris, Diphylax and Platanthera subgen. Stigmatosa all belong to the typical groups of distribution in the Sino-Himalayan Subregion. Their distribution patterns are as follows: 1. Risleya (only one species) is distributed in Sikkim, N. Burma and S. W. China and grows at (1041--) 2900--4200 m alt. In China its distribution ranges from Xizang (Tibet) (Mainling and Bomi), Yunnan (Weixi) to Sichuan (Gongga Mountain and Emei Mountain (alt. 1041 m)). The Emei Mountain is its eastern limit (Fig. 1). 2. Diplomeris (only two species) is distributed in M. Nepal to Bhutan (alt. 500-1000 m), N. E. India, Burma, the northest Vietnam (Sa-Pa alt. 1000 m) and China and grows at (500---) 1500--2600 m alt. In China its distribution ranges from Xizang (Tibet) (Medog alt. 1000 m), Yunnan (Gongshan), Sichuan (Kangding, Hejiang and Xuyong), Guizhou (Xingyi) to Guangxi (Mashan). Hejiang in Sichuan is its eastern limit (Fig. 1) 3. Diphylax (only three species) is found in M. Nepal, Sikkim, N. Burma and S. W. China at (1750-) 2500--4200 m alt. In China its distribution ranges from Xizang (Yadong, Qonggyai, Medog and ZayÜ), Yunnan (Gongshan, Deqen and Yiliang alt. 1750 m), Sichuan (Emei Mountain alt. 1900 m) to Guizhou (Fanjing Mountain alt. 1800 m). The Emei Mountain is its eastern limit (Fig. 2). 4. Platanthera subgen. Stigmatosa (including 12 species) is found from Kashmir Region, Pakistan (Hazara), through Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, N. India (Kumaon, Darjeeling, Simla), N. Burma to S. W. China at (1500-) 2300-4500 m alt. In China its distribution ranges from Xizang (Gyirong, Zhangmo, Rongxar, Dinggye, Yadong, Cora, Mainling, Bomi, Medog (alt. 1500 m), ZayÜ) through Yunnan (Gongshan, Deqen, Weixi, Fugong, Bijiang, Lijiang, Dali, Heqing, Luquan, Kunming and Jingdong), Sichuan (Muli, Miyi, Huili, Huidong, Puge, Xichang, Xide, Maianning, Yuexi, Meigu, Erlang Mountain, Ebian, Emei Mountain, Honya and Guan Xian) to Guizhou (Zhenfeng). The Emei Mountain is its eastern limit (Fig. 3-4). According to the structure of gynostemum and form of labellum of the subgenus. Stigmatosa, their species belong to Platanthera unquestionably, although they are different from the other members of Platanthera due to their inconvex stigma (not concave) and sepals with mammillary-ciliate. The stigma of this group exhibits a series of evolutionary trends: from stigma single, convexly elliptic and located near the rear of spur mouth (in P. stenantha) ; to stigma single, shape of a saddle, and located near the front of spur mouth (in P. bakeriana); and to stigma double, separately located at front of spur mouth (in other ten species). The Platanthera subgen. Stigmatosa is confined to the area from the south fringe of Xizang Plateau (from Kashmir Region to N. E. India) through N. Burma to the Hengduan Mountain Region in China. It seems that the subgenus. Stigmatosa has been affected by upheaval of this area, which caused a series of variation and differentiation uninterruptedly, giving rise to this group due to the long-term selection. The vertical distribution of Risleya, Diplomeris, Diphylax and Platanthera subgen. Stigmatiosa is higher in general, but little lower in some marginal regions of their distribution. II. Neofinetia, Vexillabium and Sedirea all belong to typical groups of distribution in the Sino-Japanese Subregion. Their distribution patterns are as follows: 1. Neofinetia (only one species) is distributed in Japan: Honshu (west of Kanto), Shikoku, Kyushu (Tanega-shima, Yaku-shima), Ryukyu-qunto (Amamio-shima, Oki-Nawa-jima) and Daito-shoto; S. Korea (Cheju-do) and China and grows at 400--1300 (--1520) m alt. In China its distribution ranges from Fujian (Chongan), Zhejiang (Putuo, Shengsi and Songyang), Jiangxi Lushan Mountain, Yushan and Yichun, Hubei (Lichuan and Hefeng) to Sichuan (Wan Xian, Pingchang, Tongjiang, Guangyuan, Qingchuan (alt. 1520 m), Beichuan, Emei Mountain) and Gansu (Wen Xian). The Emei Mountain is its western limit (Fig. 5). 2. Vexillabium (only four species) is distributed in Japan: Honshu (Izu-hanto, Mieken), Shikoku (Yaku-shima); S. Korea (Cheju-do) ; N. Philippines (Batan Is. ) and China at 450-1300 (-1600) m alt. In China its distribution ranges from Taiwan (Taidong, Lan Yu), through Zhejiang (Lin’an, Tianmu Mountain and Suichuan), Hunan (Xinning), Shaanxi (Yang Xian) to Sichuan (Nan-chuan, Jinfo Mountain and Beichuan (alt. 1600 m)). The Minjiang River is its western limit (Fig. 6). 3. Sedirea (only two species) is distributed in Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu (Tanega-shima, Yaku-shima and Nakano-shima) and Ryukyu-qunto (Amamio-shima and Okinawa-jima); S. Korea (Cheju-do) and China at 300--1300 (--1400) m alt. In China its distribution ranges from Fujian (Chong´an, Wuyi Mountain), Zhejiang (Wencheng, Taintai Mountain, Longquan, Lin'an, Xinchang and Kaihua), Hunan (Sangzhi, Shuangpai, Shaoyang and Tongdao), Hubei (Xianfeng), Sichuan (Chengkou and Leibo (alt. 1400 m)), Guizhou (Jiangkou and Songtao) and Yunnan (Yingjiang alt. 1350 m). The Leibo is its western limit (Fig. 7). The vertical distribution of Neofinetia, Vexillabium and Sedirea is lower in general, but little higher in western marginal regions of their distribution. Above distribution patterns can be summarized as follows: (1)Risleya, Diplomeris,Diphylax and Platanthera subgen. Stigmatosa belong to typical groups of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion distribution, among them Risleya, Diphylax and Platanthera subgen. Stigmatosa all have Mt. Emei as their eastern limit in Sichuan, while Diplomeris has somewhat over the Mountain as its eastern limit of distribution in Sichuan; (2) Neofinetia, Vexillabium and Sedirea belong to typical genera of the Sino-Japanese Subregion distribution, among them Vexillabium has Beichuan of eastern Minjian River, Neofinetia has Mt. Emei and Sedirea has Leibo as their western limit in Sichuan. Based on the distribution patterns of above six genera and one subgenera, the boundary between the Sino-Himalayan Subregion and the Sino-Japanese Subregion of the flora in Sichuan is exactly in between the Mt. Emei and the Minjiang River. Therefore, we may say that the boundary is identical to the one between the Kham-Dian Old Land (Palaeo-Hengduan Mountains) and the Yangtze Plate in the Early Tertiary. The isolated characteristics of the distribution patterns of seven groups in orchids is related to topography, altitude, climate and the geological history. The concrete boundary between the Sino-Himalayan Subregion and the Sino-Japanese Subregion of the flora in Sichuan may be made from Nanping (Jiuzaigou), Songpan (Huang-longshi), Maowen, Wenchuan, Guan Xian (Mt. Guangguang), Baoxing, Mt. Erlang, Mt. Emei, Shimian, Mianning, Xichang, Dechang, Miyi up to Panzhihua city. The above study on the distribution patterns of the seven groups in orchids has definite significance for the definition on the boundary between Sino-Himalayan Subregion and the Sino-Japanese Subregion in Sichuan.

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Key words: Orchies, Distribution patterns, Floristic regionalization, Sino-Japanese subregion, Sino-Himalayan subregion