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  • Volume 58 Issue 1

    Cover illustration: Cyrtandromoea and Wightia are two enigmatic genera with their familial placements once unresolved in the order Lamiales. Evidence shows that they should be placed in the LMPO clade (comprising Lamiaceae, Mazaceae, Phrymaceae, Paulowniaceae, and Orobanchaceae) based on a large-scale phylogenetic reconstruction of Lamiales. Further phylogenetic analyses of the LMPO clade using six chloroplast markers and two nuclear ribosomal regions, respectively, reveal that Cyrtandromoea i [Detail] ...
      
      Issue Information
    • Issue Information
      2020, 58 (1): 0–4
      doi:10.1111/jse.12507
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      • Research Articles
    • Phylogenetic relationships of Cyrtandromoea and Wightia revisited: A new tribe in Phrymaceae and a new family in Lamiales
      Bing Liu, Yun-Hong Tan, Su Liu, Richard G. Olmstead, Dao-Zhang Min, Zhi-Duan Chen, Nirmal Joshee, Brajesh N. Vaidya, Richard C. K. Chung, and Bo Li
      2020, 58 (1): 1–17
      doi:10.1111/jse.12513
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      The familial placements of Cyrtandromoea Zoll. and Wightia Wall., two small and enigmatic South‐East Asian genera, have long been controversial in Lamiales. Here we adopt a two‐step approach to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. We initially reconstructed a large‐scale phylogeny of Lamiales using six chloroplast markers (atpB, matK, ndhF, psbBTNH, rbcL, and rps4). The results showed that both Cyrtandromoea and Wightia emerged in the LMPO clade, including Lamiaceae, Mazaceae, Phrymaceae, Paulowniaceae, and Orobanchaceae. Based on the second set of six chloroplast markers (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL, rps16, and trnL‐F) and two nuclear ribosomal regions (external transcribed spacer and internal transcribed spacer) for the analyses focusing on the LMPO clade, our results revealed that Cyrtandromoea was consistently nested within Phrymaceae, whereas Wightia was supported as sister to Phrymaceae by the chloroplast DNA dataset or sister to Paulowniaceae by the nuclear ribosomal DNA dataset. Morphological and anatomical evidence fully supports the inclusion of Cyrtandromoea in Phrymaceae, and an updated tribal classification is done for Phrymaceae with five tribes, that is, Cyrtandromoeeae Bo Li, Bing Liu, Su Liu & Y. H. Tan, trib. nov., Diplaceae Bo Li, Bing Liu, Su Liu & Y. H. Tan, trib. nov., Leucocarpeae, Mimuleae, and Phrymeae. The conflicting phylogenetic position of Wightia indicated by different genome markers results in difficulty placing the genus in either Phrymaceae or Paulowniaceae. Considering the distinct morphological differences between Wightia and other families in the LMPO clade, we here propose a new family, Wightiaceae Bo Li, Bing Liu, Su Liu & Y. H. Tan, fam. nov., to accommodate it, which is the 26th family recognized in Lamiales.
    • Exploring the potential of nuclear and mitochondrial sequencing data generated through genome‐skimming for plant phylogenetics: A case study from a clade of neotropical lianas
      Luiz Henrique M. Fonseca and Lúcia G. Lohmann
      2020, 58 (1): 18–32
      doi:10.1111/jse.12533
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      Few botanical studies have explored the potential of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data obtained through genome skimming for phylogeny reconstruction. Here, we analyzed the phylogenetic information included in the nrDNA and mtDNA of 44 species of the “Adenocalymma‐Neojobertia” clade (Bignoniaceae). To deal with intraindividual polymorphisms within the nrDNA, different coding schemes were explored through the analyses of four datasets: (i) “nrDNA contig,” with base call following the majority rule; (ii) “nrDNA ambiguous,” with ambiguous base calls; (iii) “nrDNA informative,” with ambiguities converted to multistate characters; and, (iv) “mitochondrial,” with 39 mitochondrial genes. Combined analyses using the nrDNA and mtDNA data and previously published “plastid” datasets were also conducted. Trees were obtained using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian criteria. The congruence among genomes was assessed. The nrDNA datasets were shown to be highly polymorphic within individuals, while the “mitochondrial” dataset was the least informative, with 0.36% of informative bases within the ingroup. The topologies inferred using the nrDNA and mtDNA datasets were broadly congruent with the tree derived from the analyses of the “plastid” dataset. The topological differences recovered were generally poorly supported. The topology that resulted from the analyses of the “combined” dataset largely resembles the “plastid” tree. These results highlight limitations of nuclear ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial genes for phylogeny reconstruction obtained through genome skimming and the need to include more data from both genomes. The different topologies observed among genomes also highlight the importance of exploring data from various genomes in plant phylogenetics.
    • Floristic composition and endemism pattern of vascular plants in Ethiopia and Eritrea
      Sheng-Wei Wang, Biyansa Hirpo Boru, Antony Waigwa Njogu, Anne Christine Ochola, Guang-Wan Hu, Ya-Dong Zhou, and Qing-Feng Wang
      2020, 58 (1): 33–42
      doi:10.1111/jse.12527
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      Traditional attempts to delineate floristic regions are typically based on the qualitative analysis of species distribution, often ignoring the phylogenetic relationships among their taxa. Ethiopia and Eritrea are in the Horn of Africa, known as one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. We quantitatively classified the flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea into meaningful geographical units by analyzing the taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity at genera, total species, and endemic species levels at a scale of 0.5° × 0.5° grid cells. Hierarchical clustering was used to quantitatively delimitate the flora and analysis of similarities was used to test the significant difference between the derived groups in taxonomic composition and phylogenetic relatedness. In total, two floristic subprovinces, five floristic districts, and 13 floristic subdistricts, as well as three centers of species endemism associated with three floristic subdistricts were identified. Our results also showed that the species diversity, endemism, and turnover of the highlands in Ethiopia and Eritrea were much higher than the lowlands, indicating that the floristic differences are closely related to the topography of the East African Rift. In this study, we provided a scientific framework for the composition and relationships of the floristic units in the Horn of Africa, and similarly provided a scientific basis for better conservation of the diversity in this region.
    • A reevaluation of the Andean Genus Petroravenia (Brassicaceae: Thelypodieae) based on morphological and molecular data
      Diego L. Salariato, Fernando O. Zuloaga, and Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz
      2020, 58 (1): 43–58
      doi:10.1111/jse.12486
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      Petroravenia was until recently considered as a genus of three species (P. eseptata, P. friesii, and P. werdermannii) distributed along the Central Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. This genus was included in the tribe Thelypodieae and was morphologically characterized by being tiny rhizomatous perennial herbs with rosulate leaves, dendritic trichomes, capsular silicles, and incumbent cotyledons. However, the phylogeny of Petroravenia, and its tribal placement, was never analyzed using molecular data. The lack of such studies, as well as the paucity of herbarium collections, suggesting that Petroravenia species are vulnerable and/or endangered, prompted us to address the molecular phylogeny of this genus. For this purpose, we generated comprehensive molecular phylogenies using nuclear (ITS) and plastid (trnL‐F and trnH‐psbA) data, and conducted morphological comparisons between these species and their closest related taxa. Results from the phylogenetic analyses showed that Petroravenia represents a polyphyletic group, with P. eseptata included in tribe Halimolobeae, and P. friesii and P. werdermannii placed within tribe Eudemeae and related to the genus Alshehbazia. Based on the results obtained from morphological and molecular data, we decided herein to retain the original circumscription of Petroravenia as monospecific within the tribe Halimolobeae and to transfer P. friesii and P. werdermannii to the genus Alshehbazia within the tribe Eudemeae. Systematic implications of these results are also discussed.
    • Recruitment of the high elevation cushion plant Arenaria polytrichoides is limited by competition, thus threatened by currently established vegetation
      Jian-Guo Chen, Yang Yang, Song-Wei Wang, Jürg Stöcklin, De-Li Peng, and Hang Sun
      2020, 58 (1): 59–68
      doi:10.1111/jse.12481
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      Cushion plants have been confirmed to be keystone species of alpine ecosystems. However, the adaptive strategies responsible for their recruitment and persistence remain largely unclear. Also, the effect of competition by species already established in surrounding vegetation is not known. We first assessed population size and the frequency distribution of individuals of different size in communities of the keystone cushion Arenaria polytrichoides Edgew. along an elevational gradient in southwestern China. Furthermore, in controlled experiments the effects of soil quality, light availability, and competition by other species on seedling recruitment and survival was tested. At lower elevation individuals were larger (elder), but population size (density) was lower compared to higher elevation; similarly, adults and old individuals were relatively more frequent at low elevation, whereas juvenile and small individuals were more frequent at higher elevations. Seedling recruitment differed depending on soil origin with seeds sown in soils from low elevation having a higher germination percentage and seedling survival when grown without competition. Competition by other species delayed germination but did not influence the final germination percentage, but it increased seedling mortality and reduced their survival. Full light accelerated the germination process, but did not affect final germination percentage and seedling mortality. Results suggest that the recruitment and persistence of A. polytrichoides is strongly affected by competition, whereas temperature and soil quality are less important. We speculate that when populations of cushion A. polytrichoides are likely to be exposed to higher competition due to environmental changes, this species is in danger of being weeded out.
    • Molecular diversity of the 5S nuclear ribosomal DNA in Campeiostachys with StHY haplome constitution
      Cai-Rong Yang, Bernard R Baum, Douglas A Johnson, Hai-Qin Zhang, and Yong-Hong Zhou
      2020, 58 (1): 69–76
      doi:10.1111/jse.12484
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      To detect the genomic constitutions and investigate the evolutionary relationships between Campeiostachys Drobov and Elymus L. species, we have cloned and analyzed 271 5S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences from 27 accessions of these species, mostly of Chinese origin. We identified Long H1, Short S1, and Long Y1 unit classes in nine Campeiostachys or Elymus species. The identification of the three orthologous unit classes was confirmed by the neighbor‐joining tree of each unit class from PAUP and the phylogeny tree of three unit classes from MrBayes. The results suggested that these Elymus species comprise StYH haplomes and should be included in Campeiostachys. The phylogeny tree showed a clear separation between the S1 unit class and Y1 unit class. However, Y1 unit class sequences formed a sister clade to the S1 unit class, implying that although the St and Y haplomes might have some affinity, they are distinct from one another. The phylogeny tree also indicated that the five species in sect. Turczaninovia (C. dahurica var. cylindrica, C. dahurica var. dahurica, C. dahurica var. tangutorum, E. purpuraristatus, and E. dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb. var. violeus C. P. Wang & H. L. Yang) might share a more recent common ancestor, whereas the four species in sect. Elymus (C. nutans, E. breviaristatus (Keng) Keng ex Keng f., E. sinosubmuticus (Keng) Keng f., and E. atratus (Nevski) Hand.‐Mazz.) share a close relationship. By identifying only one type of unit class for each haplome, we propose that the 5S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences of species within Campeiostachys might have undergone haplome‐specific concerted evolution.
    • DNA barcoding evaluation of Vicia (Fabaceae): Comparative efficacy of six universal barcode loci on abundant species
      Fei-Fei Wu, Qiu Gao, Fang Liu, Zan Wang, Jian-Li Wang, and Xian-Guo Wang
      2020, 58 (1): 77–88
      doi:10.1111/jse.12474
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      Vicia L. is an invaluable genus with considerable agricultural and economic importance due to its high value as feed, green manure, and medicine. However, most of this genus is not well known and remains underutilized. Due to the imprecise circumscription and delineation of Vicia species, the taxonomic history of this genus is controversial, which has hindered the identification of species with high economic potential. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of Vicia species is essential. Simultaneously, species identification through DNA barcoding has become an effective taxonomic classification tool. Here, the species‐discrimination abilities of matK, rbcL, trnH‐psbA, trnL‐trnF, ITS1, and ITS2 were tested in 161 Vicia species with both sequence similarity (nearest neighbor, best match, and best close match) and tree‐based (maximum likelihood tree) methods. Among the single barcode sites, trnH‐psbA had the highest level of polymorphism (52.4% variable sites; nucleotide diversity, 0.1338). Additionally, trnH‐psbA had the highest mean interspecific distance (0.1352) and intraspecific distance (0.0071). The combined barcode matK+trnH‐psbA had the highest correct identification rate by the sequence similarity method. Both trnH‐psbA (75.38%) and matK (70.73%) showed higher species discrimination rates than the other barcodes when using the tree‐based method. Based on overall performance, matK and trnH‐psbA, alone or in combination, were the best barcodes for Vicia. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) also showed good performance and provided essential information regarding nuclear DNA, so this site is also recommended as a backup barcode for Vicia. These Vicia barcodes can be used to identify species and to evaluate germplasm resource collections.

    • Mummified Magnoliaceae woods from the upper Oligocene of South China, with biogeography, paleoecology, and wood trait evolution implications
      Lu-Liang Huang, Jian-Hua Jin, Cheng Quan, and Alexei A. Oskolski
      2020, 58 (1): 89–100
      doi:10.1111/jse.12480
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      In this paper, we describe a new species Magnolia nanningensis sp. nov., based on exceptionally well‐preserved mummified fossil woods from the late Oligocene of the Nanning Basin, Guangxi, South China. The features of these woods indicate a close affinity to the section Michelia of the subgenus Yulania belonging to the genus Magnolia sensu lato (Magnoliaceae). Magnolia nanningensis is the first fossil record of the section Michelia from China, the modern diversity center of this group. These mummified woods provide fossil evidence supporting molecular dating that estimated an Oligocene age for divergence of the tropical evergreen section Michelia and the temperate deciduous section Yulania. Helical thickenings on vessel walls and a high degree of vessel grouping found in these fossil woods could be adaptive to temporary, possibly seasonal, droughts and, as suggested by other woods from the Nanning Basin, could be indicative of a monsoon‐influenced tropical climate in Guangxi during the late Oligocene. Helical thickenings have not been reported in magnoliaceous fossil woods prior to the Oligocene. The appearance of this trait was presumably a response to abrupt climate cooling near the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, followed by increase in climate seasonality. The associated increase of latitudinal zonation might be a possible trigger for divergence between the tropical evergreen sect. Michelia and the temperate deciduous sect. Yulania.
    • List of Reviewers
      2020, 58 (1): 101–102
      doi:10.1111/jse.12561
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      The Journal of Systematics and Evolutionwould like to acknowledge and thank the following reviewers for their contributions in the period January 1–December 31 in 2019:

      Abbott, Richard

      Abdelaziz, Mohamed

      Appelhans, Marc

      Aptroot, Andre

      Bachelier, Julien

      Bai, Wei‐Ning

      Balao, Francisco

      Barker, Bill

      Barkworth, Mary E.

      Bauret, Lucie

      Berrached, Rachda

      Besnard, Guillaume

      Bisang, Irene

      Blanco, Candela

      Bomfleur, Benjamin

      Boratyński, Adam

      Campillo, Luke C.

      Capblancq, Thibaut

      Castells, Juli Caujape

      Cellinese, Nico

      Chanderbali, Andre

      Charboneau, Joseph

      Chen, Wen‐Li

      Chen, Zhi‐Duan

      Clement, Wendy

      Cohen, James

      Costion, Craig M.

      Cronberg, Nils

      Crowl, Andrew A.

      Davies, Jonathan

      De Franceschi, Dario

      de Jong, Hans

      Del Rio, Cedric

      Dickinson, Timothy A.

      Drummond, Chloe

      Du, Fang

      Duckett, Jeffrey

      Düsseldorf, Klaus

      Ebersbach, Jana

      Ebihara, Atsushi

      Elliott, Tammy L.

      Endress, Peter

      Escudero, Marcial

      Fan, Xing

      Favre, Adrien

      Feldberg, Kathrin

      Feliner, Gonzalo

      Fior, Simone

      Frajman, Bozo

      Fu, Chao‐Nan

      Fujiwara, Tao

      Fuse, Shizuka

      Gao, Lian‐Ming

      Gao, Yong

      Gasson, Pete

      Ge, Xue‐Jun

      Giussani, Liliana

      Granados‐Mendoza, Carolina

      Gueidan, Cecile

      Guo, Chun‐Ce

      Guo, Wen‐Wu

      Guo, Ya‐Long

      Guo, Yan‐Ping

      Hao, Gang

      Hassel, Kristian

      Hassler, Michael

      Haufler, Christopher

      Hawksworth, David

      Herrera, Fabiany

      Hervías, Sandra

      Ho, Boon Chuan

      Hojsgaard, Diego

      Hovenkamp, Peter

      Huang, Shuang‐Quan

      Ickert‐Bond, Stefanie

      Ignatov, Michael

      Iles, Will

      Jia, Gui‐Xia

      Jiang, Xiao‐Long

      Jin, Jian‐Hua

      Kang, Ji‐Chuan

      Knoop, Volker

      Kowlski, Rafal

      Krak, Karol

      Krämer, Ute

      Kvaček, Jiří

      Lakusic, Dmitar

      Larhammar, Dan

      Lashermes, Philippe

      Lazaro, Amparo

      Li, Jianhua

      Li, Lin‐Feng

      Li, Ling

      Li, Min‐Jie

      Li, Rong

      Li, Ying‐Hui

      Li, Zheng

      Li, Zhong‐Hu

      Lim, Jun Ying

      Lin, Zhenguo

      Liu, Jie

      Liu, Zhong‐Jian

      López‐Pujol, Jordi

      Luo, Zhong‐Lai

      Ma, Jian‐Chao

      Ma, Xiao

      Ma, Yong‐Peng

      Magallon, Susana

      Mairal Pisa, Mario

      Manchester, Steven

      Mao, Jian‐Feng

      Mao, Kang‐Shan

      McDonnell, Angela

      McPartland, John

      Meza‐Torres, Esteban

      Montserrat Martí, Josep M.

      Morgan, David

      Moyle, Robert G.

      Murrell, Zack

      Nauheimer, Lars

      Nelson, C. Dana

      Ni, Zhong‐Fu

      Nie, Ze‐Long

      Noshiro, Shuichi

      Ollerton, Jeff

      Olmstead, Richard

      Olsson, Sanna

      Pannell, Caroline

      Paule, Juraj

      Pederneiras, Leandro

      Percy, Diana

      Peruzzi, Lorenzo

      Picco, Anna Maria

      Pigg, Kathleen

      Pirani, Atefeh

      Plunkett, Greg

      Potter, Daniel

      Qian, Hong

      Qiu, Ying‐Xiong

      Rao, Guang‐Yuan

      Reeves, Patrick

      Regalado, Ledis

      Reginato, Marcelo

      Reisch, Christoph

      Ren, Zong‐Xin

      Riess, Kai

      Roedelsperger, Christian

      Roeser, Martin

      Rojas‐Andrés, Blanca

      Rong, Jun

      Ronse De Craene, Louis

      Roux, Claude

      Rubin, Matthew J.

      Sakai, Hiroaki

      Santos, Carmen

      Sauquet, Hervé

      Schinnerl, Johann

      Sengupta, Aniket

      Simpson, Michael

      Singliarová, Barbora

      Smedmark, Jenny

      Smith, James

      Snow, Neil

      Sochting, Ulrik

      Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik

      Spalink, Daniel

      Stark, Lloyd

      Stevens, Peter

      Su, Tao

      Sun, Feng‐Jie

      Sun, Hang

      Sun, Yong‐Shuai

      Sundue, Michael

      Surget‐Groba, Yann

      Tate, Jennifer A.

      Tembrock, Luke

      Testo, Weston

      Tu, Tie‐Yao

      Uemura, Kazuhiko

      Ulrich, Werner

      Vanderpoorten, Alain

      Vera, Ezequiel

      Verstraete, Brecht

      Vigueira, Cynthia

      Vit, Petr

      Walker, Joseph F.

      Wallander, Eva

      Wang, Heng‐Chang

      Wang, Jing

      Wang, Wei

      Wang, Ying‐Qiang

      Wang, Yu‐Fei

      Webb, Campbell

      Wedger, Marshall

      Wen, Jun

      Weng, Ensheng

      Wester, Petra

      Westerberg, Lars

      Wilf, Peter

      Williams, David

      Wu, Zhi‐Qiang

      Xia, Hui

      Xiao, Guang‐Hui

      Xu, Feng‐Xia

      Xu, Qiang

      Xu, Xiao‐Ting

      Yang, Jun

      Yang, Qin‐Er

      Yang, Ze‐Feng

      Yi, Ting‐Shuang

      Yu, Yan

      Yu, Ying

      Zarre, Shahin

      Zhai, Wei‐Wei

      Zhang, Fa‐Qi

      Zhang, Jian‐Wen

      Zhang, Liang‐Sheng

      Zhang, Wen‐Heng

      Zhang, Yong

      Zhang, Ze‐Huang

      Zhang, Zhi‐Yong

      Zhong, Bo‐Jian

      Zhou, Tao

      Zhou, Yong‐Feng

      Zhu, Hai

      Zuntini, Alexandre

Editors-in-Chief
Song Ge
Jun Wen
Impact Factor
3.544
JCR 2021 IF ranking: 63/238 (Plant Sciences, top 26.26%, Q2 quartile)
Journal Abbreviation: J Syst Evol
ISSN: 1674-4918 (Print)
1759-6831 (Online)
CN: 11-5779/Q
Frequency: Bi-monthly
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