In the present paper, 3 species of Fagus, 6 of Castanea, 24 of Castanopsis, 26 of Lithocarpus, and 34 of Quercus (sens. lat.), totaling 219 specimens (slides) collected mainly from the province of Kwangtung and the vicinity have been compared, with special reference to their pore arrangement and ray disposition. Taking the Genus as a group, the macroscopic structure of each genus in detail, the end-grain photographs of the representatives and a key to the genera are provided. After comparing the wood structure, the present writer is of the opinion that it is better to correlate the genus Castanopsis Spach with the genus Lithocarpus Blume together, as has been done in some works.^[2,14] In regard to the ring porosity in woody angiosperms it has a close relationships with the habitat^[8,10],i.e., diffuse-porous woods usually present in evergreen trees, while ring-porous ones in deciduous trees, and of course the anatomical features too, therefore is appropriate for the genus Quercus L. to include Cyclobalanopsis (Endl.) Oerst. as a natural group.

The present paper is divided into three parts: 1. The first part is devoted to the review of the historical origin of the modern classification systems of the flowering plants. Early systems of classification since the Aristotelian time provided a basis for the modern schemes of classification. This paper has reviewed briefly the history of plant systematics, which is divided into three periods: the period of mechanical systems of classification, of natural systems of classification, and of phylogenetic systems of classification. The historical development of the plant systems and the basic idea for three periods is discussed respectively. This paper also considers that the studies of the modern classification system have been entering a new period which primarily aims at overall evolutionary respects. 2. Comparison of the modern classification systems of the flowering plants. Four main modern systems (i. e. A. Cronquist 1979, A. Takhtajan 1980, J. Hutchinson 1973 and A. Engler^,s system as revised by H. Melchior in Engler^,s Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien 1964) which have greatly influenced the systemstics of plants are compared as to their systematical principles, basic concepts and systematic positions of higher taxa (orders and families) of the flowering plants. The paper is of the opinion that there is still much important work to be done in every field. 3. A review for the modern classification systems of the flowering plants. The paper reviews the modern classification of angiosperms from six aspects: a). The flowers plants are originated from a common ancestral stock; b). The flowers of angiosperms are homogeneous, stamen and carpel are phylletic sporangiophores, all flowers of angiosperms are comparable; c). Monocotyledons are originated from primitive dicotyledons, and represent phylogenetically monophyletic branch; d). The idea advocating the subdivision of Dicotyledoneae into Lignosae and Herbaceae should be rejected as pointed out by many authors; e). The systematical position of Hamamelidae is still a crucial subject for further research; f). The evolutional trends and evaluation of taxonomic characters must be considered in connection with the cor-relation to other characters in question.

Isoperoxidases of 26 species and 2 varieties, belonging to 5 sections of Populus, were analysed by means of polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis. Experimental evidences indicate that the zymograms of petioles are stable. Whole anodal isozymes may be divided into 5 groups; a.b.c.d.e. Every species of Populus shared the c group isozymes. The b group is limited within the section Leuce, and only in this section, the a group enzymes are absent. The d group is very complicated, and fully expressed the species-specificity. Base on their specific zymograms, it is easy to distinguish one species from the others, sometimes, we can characterize the varieties, even some clones. It seems that, in the course of morphological evolution of Populus, the divergence oftheir isoperoxidases also occurred.

Abstract 1. It was observed that somatic chromosome numbers of four species of the genus Panax L. are as follows: Panax japonicus 2n=24, P. notoginseng 2n=24, P. ginseng 2n=44 and P. quinquefolius 2n=48. The somatic chromosome numbers of P. japonicus from Lushan and Jinggangshan (Jiangxi Province, China) is different from that of Japanese population (2n=48). The chromosome numbers (2n=24) of P. notoginseng is first reported. 2. The P. japonicus, one of the diploid species, which has the widest geographical distribution is perhaps the more primitive type among the living species of Panax. While, the P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius, the tetraploid species, are more advanced types than the diploid species. The conclusion from cytotaxonomy is thus different from that of chemical taxonomy. 3. The cytological analysis together with the geographic distribution of this four species shows that the Southwestern China is the modern distribution center, also the most variational center, and perhaps the center of origin for the genus Panax L.

A comparative observations of the morphology on the stem, winter bud, fruit, pollen grains of A. chinensis Planch. var. chinensis and A. chinensis Planch. var. hispida C. F. Liang have been made and the obvious differences in these aspects are obvious. In stem tissue culture, the frequency of calli induced and plantlets produced of A. chinensis Planch. var. hispida is also higher than that of A. chinensis Planch. chinensis. For this reason we suggest to raise A. chinensis Planch. var. hispida as a newspecies.

The Chinese medicine “Chuipencao” is studied. But, as a matter of fact, this Chinese name represents two distinct forms, one with broad leaves and the other with narrow leaves. As a result of a comprehensive study on gross morphology, pollen morphology, histological structure, isozymes, GC analysis of chemical constituents of the plants in question has shown that the narrow-leafed form is different from the broadleafed form and therefore is considered as a new species, Sedum angustifolium Z. B.Hu et X. L. Huang sp. no

1. Uplifting of Qinghai-Xizang plateau has brought great influence on the origination and distribution of species inside the genus Salix. There are 91 sp. (incl. 2 cult. sp.), 16 var. and 3 f. belonging to 15 Sect. in this region, among these species the endemics attain to 58 sp., 14 var. and 3 f. So it has become one of the most important centres of distribution of Salix in the world. Species common with other regions attain only to 32. Thus it is also clear that correlation between salicaceous flora in this region and that of other regions is not so much developed, and that the salicaceous flora of Qinghai-Xizang plateau was mainly originated autochthonously during the upheaval of plateau. 2. Along a demarcation line delineated from Gyirong through Lhasa and Qamdo to Lanzhou, to the north-western region the total number of species of this genus is summed up to 7 sp. and 1 var. (incl. 2 cult. sp.), and they distribute only in the West Himalaya and Pamir-Kunlun regions. Besides 2 cult. sp., there is only 1 endemic, and others all should be migrants from Europe or West Asia. In the south-eastern part, because the climate is moister, the species of Salix may be summed up to 84 sp., 15 var. and 3 f., among them 73 sp., 20 var. and 3 f. are endemics, accounting for 68 percent of the total. 3. In East Himalaya and South Henduan Shan (southward of lat. 30°N.) there are 78 sp., 12 var. and 4 f., among them 50 sp., 10 var. and 2 f. are endemics. They represent the different stages of phylogenetic development of this genus. So here may be the centre of origination and distribution of Salix species in the all Sino-Himalaya flora. The common species between East Himalaya and South Henduan Shan regions attain to 41. Because the latter forms a part of Sichuan and Yunnan plateau and the former did not become a land until Quaternary Period, the plants of the former mainly are the migrants from the latter. 4. The most characteristic group of Salix in this region is Sect. Lindleyanae Schneid. with a total of 18 sp. and 1 var. This group adapting to the somewhat environment changes is quite different from Sect. Retusae A. Kern. in the Arctic and high mountains of higher latitudes in many characters, so it should be originated autochtonously, and it is certainly not a migrant from Arctic. This Sect. seems to be developed from Sect. Floccosae Hao and in turn from Sect. Sclerophyllae Schneid. and Sect. Denticulatae Schneid. This developmental direction has assumed an important branch in the phylogenetic development of the whole genus. 5. In addition, there are two interesting and important regions on the north-eastern and eastern to Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, i. e. on the north-east Anymaqen Shan (Amnemachin mountain) and on the east Qiong Lai Shan. There are many endemic species pertaining to these two parts, among these species some may be ancient relicts since Tertiary. It is to be expected that more additional scientific results will be obtainedafter some more extensive works done in these two regions.

This paper is the documentation of specimens and literature reffered to Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. etc. As a result, it is found that, in taxonomy of the genus Atractylodes, what represcents by four long-established names, i. e. Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., A. ovata (Thunb.) DC., A. chinensis (Bunge) Koidz. and A. lyrata Sieb. et Zucc., in fact, is the one and same species. According to the law of priority in nomenclature, the first name should be given to Chinese drug “Cangzhu”, while theother three names have to be treated as its synonyms.

Acanthochlamydoideae, a new subfamily of Amaryllidaceae, is proposed in the present paper, based upon the monotypic genus Acanthochlamys which was detected by the writer in 1979 and named Didymocolpus as a new genus but was preceded by P. C. Kao in 1980 under the former name. The genus is indeed of great morphological interest. It has semicylindric leaves with a deep furrow on the ventral and dorsal sides respectively. The lower part of the leaf is connate with, or adnate to, the lower midrib of a rather large and membranous vagina . Such a feature, as far as we know, is very rare in the monocotyledons. The flower resembles that of Amaryllidaceae in having inferior ovary, six stamens and corolla-like perianth with a rather long tube. But it is quite different in other characters, such as head-like cyme, leaf-like bracts and bisulcate leaves, which all are foreign to any taxon known in the Amaryllidaceae. On the other hand, it bears some resemblance particularly in habit and inflorescence to Campynemanthe of the Hypoxidaceae, and also to Borya and Bartlingia of the Liliaceae (in the tribe Johnsonieae), but differs in its long perianth-tube and curious leaf structure. It is highly probable that the resemblance between them is only superficial and not indicative of direct or close relationship. This is no doubt a very curious plant of which we still know incompletely, and for which an appropriate place in the monocotyledons has not yet been found. Considering its floral characters, however, it seems safe for the present to place it as a separate subfamily in the Amaryllidaceae and is juxtaposed with the Ixiolirioideae and Amaryllidoideae, the only two subfamilies of Amaryllidaceae according to H. Melchior (1964), and, of course, to either of them it is not directly related. Its true affinity remains problematic. The only species, Acanthochlamys bracteata, is found in Mar-er-kan (102°12'N, 31°47'E), Qian-ning (101°30'N, 30°33'E), Xiang-cheng (99°39'N, 28°54'E) and Dau cheng (100°10'N, 29°03'E) in western Sichuan of southwest China, in open bushland or grassland at an altitude between 2700—3500 meters. Its geographical distribution is mapped and its morphological details are illustrated to facilitate its identification.

Abstract The genus Antheroporum was proposed by Gagnepain (1915) in Notulae Systematicae. He cited two species under the genus, A. pierrei as type species from Thailand and A. harmandii from Southern Viet-Nam. As stated in the original description, anther-loculi dehiscing by a terminal pore. Hutchinson (1964) pointed out that Gagnepain^,s conception was shown to be erroneous as they are dehiscing by a slit lengthwise. Therefore the genus Antheroporum must be transferred to tribe Tephrosieae Benth. (incl. Millettieae Hutch.). This paper reports a record of the genus new to the Chinese flora, i.e.A. harmandii has its former range of distribution far extends northward to the SW provinces of China, and a new species, A. glaucum, from Yunnan province. A key to three species of the genus is provided as follows: 1. The keel and standard almost equal in length 2. Leaflets glaucous beneath, glabrous; petiole and petiolule glabrous, blacken in drying; Yunnan........... 1.A. glaucum 2. Leaflets densely appressed pubescent beneath; petiole and petiolule velvety pubescent; SW China, Viet-Nam ........................ 2. A. harmandii 1. The keel about 2 times shorter than the standard; Thailand, Southern Viet-Nam .................. 3. A. pierrei